| Islamic Republic of Pakistan اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان
Islāmī Jomhuri-ye Pākistān |
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Motto: اتحاد، تنظيم، يقين محکم
Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam (Urdu)
"Unity, Discipline and Faith" |
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Anthem: "Qaumi Tarana"
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| Capital | Islamabad
 33°40′N 73°10′E / 33.667°N 73.167°E / 33.667; 73.167 |
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| Largest city | Karachi |
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| Official languages | Urdu, English |
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| Other languages | Pashto, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi |
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| Demonym | Pakistani |
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| Government | Islamic Republic |
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| - | President | Asif Ali Zardari (PPP) |
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| - | Prime Minister | Yousaf Raza Gillani (PPP) |
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| - | Chair of Senate | Farooq H. Naek (PPP) |
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| - | House Speaker | Fahmida Mirza (PPP) |
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| - | Chief Justice | Abdul Hameed Dogar |
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| Formation |
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| - | Independence | from the British Empire |
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| - | Declared | 14 August 1947 |
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| - | Islamic republic | 23 March 1956 |
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| Area |
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| - | Total | 803,940 km2 (34th)
340,403 sq mi |
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| - | Water (%) | 3.1 |
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| Population |
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| - | 2008 estimate | 172,800,000[1] (6th) |
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| - | 1998 census | 132,352,279[2] |
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| - | Density | 206/km2 (53rd)
534/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2007 estimate |
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| - | Total | $410.295 billion[3] (26th) |
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| - | Per capita | $2,594[3] (127th) |
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| GDP (nominal) | 2007 estimate |
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| - | Total | $143.766 billion[3] (47th) |
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| - | Per capita | $908[3] (138th) |
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| Gini (2002) | 30.6 (medium) |
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| HDI (2008) | ▲ 0.562 (medium) (139th[4]) |
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| Currency | Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) (PKR) |
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| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
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| - | Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC+6) |
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| Drives on the | left |
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| Internet TLD | .pk |
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| Calling code | 92 |
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Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان Pākistān 
listen (help·info)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East.[5][6] It has a 1,046 kilometre (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast.[7] Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan but is separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. In recent times, Pakistan has been called part of the Greater Middle East.[8]
The region forming modern Pakistan was home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and then, successively, recipient of ancient Vedic, Persian, Indo-Greek and Islamic cultures. The area has witnessed invasions and/or settlement by the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mongols and the British.[9] It was a part of British India during the British Raj from 1858 to 1947, when the Pakistan Movement for a state for Muslims, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League resulted in the independence and creation of the state of Pakistan, that comprised the provinces of Sindh, North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, Balochistan and East Bengal. With the adoption of its constitution in 1956, Pakistan became an Islamic republic. In 1971, a civil war in East Pakistan resulted in the independence of Bangladesh. Pakistan's history has been characterized by periods of economic growth, military rule and political instability.
Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world and has the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia. The country is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies. Pakistan is a founding member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Developing 8 Countries, G20 developing nations and the Economic Cooperation Organisation. It is also a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, World Trade Organisation, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, G33 developing countries, Group of 77 developing nations, major non-NATO ally of the United States and is a nuclear state.
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